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Which Asset Classes Hedge Against Inflation?

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Hedge Against Inflation

Hedge Against Inflation

This infographic is available as a poster.

Which Asset Classes Hedge Against Inflation?

U.S. inflation has climbed 5% over the last year, the largest 12-month increase since August 2008. With this in mind, many investors may be wondering how to position their portfolio to hedge against inflation.

In this Markets in a Minute chart from New York Life Investments, we show which asset classes have beat inflation in recent years.

Real Returns by Asset Class

To see which asset classes have helped hedge against short-term inflation, we calculated annual real returns—returns net of inflation—for various types of investments. A return above zero means that the asset class beat inflation, while a return below zero means that the asset class did not keep up with inflation.

Here are minimum, median, and maximum annual real returns for various asset classes from 2012-2020.

MinimumMedianMaximum
Global equities-11.615.424.5
U.S. large cap equities-6.314.330.9
Listed infrastructure equities-8.812.323.8
Real estate investment trusts (REITs)-7.37.226.4
Gold-28.86.023.2
U.S. treasury inflation protected securities (TIPS)-10.12.69.6
Foreign bonds-9.61.814.1
Floating rate bonds-0.40.02.2
Global commodities-33.9-2.715.3
Energy equities-38.0-11.536.7

Global equities had the highest median real return in recent years, followed by U.S. large cap equities and listed infrastructure equities.

Gold beat inflation about half the time, though in its worst year (2013) it was almost 30% below inflation. At that time, the U.S. Federal Reserve announced it would end quantitative easing measures, which decreased the perceived need for gold as a hedge.

Global commodities and energy equities had the only negative median real returns of the group. However, energy equities also had the highest maximum return over the last decade, and proved to be the most volatile asset class of the group.

Hedging During High Inflation

Of course, there are some limitations to this data. U.S. annual inflation has been relatively low in recent years, averaging under the Federal Reserve’s 2% target.

Asset classes may respond differently during periods of high inflation. For example, equities have shown their highest real returns when inflation is between 2% to 3%. However, returns may become more volatile when inflation is high, because it can increase costs and reduce earnings.

On the flip side, some asset classes perform better during periods of high inflation. While commodities had a negative median real return in recent years, they performed well during three historical periods of high inflation.

Hedge Against Inflation

When annual inflation averaged about 4.6% from 1988-1991, commodities had a total annualized return of over 20%. Total annualized returns show what an investor would have earned over a given time period if returns were compounded. Gold has had a more mixed track record during high inflation, though it had a whopping annualized return of 35% from 1973-1979.

The ability for an asset class to hedge against inflation can also depend on the timeframe. For example, over the long-term, gold has seen strong inflation-adjusted returns.

Time to Take Action?

U.S. Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell believes rising U.S. inflation is temporary. Prices decreased sharply at the onset of the pandemic, making year-over-year inflation figures look much larger. He also believes supply bottlenecks are temporary as industries have been caught with soaring demand amid a quick reopening. However, some Fed officials say the economy is in unprecedented territory, and it’s hard to know where inflation will go next.

What can investors do? There is no one asset class that has proven to be a silver bullet against inflation historically. Instead, investors may consider diversifying their portfolio with asset classes such as equities, REITs, commodities, and gold. This may help hedge against inflation, whether it stabilizes around 2% or rises to levels not seen for decades.

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Markets in a Minute

What Were the Top Performing Investment Themes of 2023?

In 2023, several investment themes outperformed the S&P 500 by a wide margin. Here are the top performers—from blockchain to AI.

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The Top Performing Investment Themes in 2023

This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

While the S&P 500 rebounded over 24% in 2023, many investment themes soared even higher.

In many ways, the year was defined by breakthrough announcements in AI and the resurgence of Bitcoin. At the same time, investors looked to nuclear energy ETFs thanks to nuclear’s growing role as a low carbon energy source and the war in Ukraine.

This graphic shows the best performing investment themes last year, based on data from Trackinsight.

Blockchain ETFs Lead the Pack

With 82% returns, blockchain ETFs outperformed all other themes in the U.S. due to the sharp rise in the bitcoin price over the year.

These ETFs hold mainly bitcoin mining firms, since ETFs investing directly in bitcoin were not yet approved by regulators in 2023. However, as of January 2024, U.S. regulators have approved 11 spot bitcoin ETFs for trading, which drew in $10 billion in assets in their first 20 days alone.

Below, we show the top performing themes across U.S. ETFs in 2023:

Theme2023 Performance
Blockchain82%
Next Generation Internet80%
Metaverse59%
FinTech54%
Nuclear Energy50%
Cloud Computing49%
AI/Big Data49%
Gig Economy48%
Digital Infrastructure & Connectivity43%

As we can see, next generation internet ETFs—which include companies focused on the internet of things and new payment methods—also boomed.

Meanwhile, nuclear energy ETFs had a banner year as uranium prices hit 15-year highs. Investor optimism for nuclear power is part of a wider trend of reactivating nuclear power plants globally in the push towards decarbonizing the energy supply. In fact, 63 new reactors across countries including Japan, Türkiye, and China are planned for construction amid higher global demand.

With 49% returns, AI and big data ETFs were another top performing investment theme. Driving these returns were companies like chipmaker Nvidia, whose share price jumped by 239% in 2023 thanks to its technology being fundamental to powering AI models.

Top Investment Themes, by Net Flows

Here are the the investment themes that saw the highest net flows over the year:

Theme2023 Net Flows
Robotics & Automation$1,303M
Nuclear Energy$997M
AI/Big Data$987M
Global Infrastructure$734M
Net Zero 2050$716M
Blockchain$357M
Cannabis & Psychedelics$270M
Emerging Markets Consumer Growth$203M

Overall, ETFs focused on robotics and automation saw the greatest net flows amid wider deployment of these technologies across factories, healthcare, and transportation actvities.

The success of AI large language models over the year is another key factor in powering robotics capabilities. For instance, Microsoft is planning to build a robot powered by ChatGPT that provides it with higher context awareness of certain tasks.

Like robotics and automation, AI and big data, along with blockchain ETFs attracted high inflows.

Interestingly, ETFs surrounding emerging markets consumer growth saw strong inflows thanks to an expanding middle class across countries like India and China spurring potential growth opportunities. In 2024, 113 million people are projected to join the global middle class, seen mainly across countries in Asia.

Will Current Trends Continue in 2024?

So far, many of these investment themes have continued to see positive momentum including blockchain and next generation internet ETFs.

In many cases, these investment themes cover broad, underlying trends that have the potential to reshape sectors and industries. Going further, select investment themes have often defined each decade thanks to factors like technological disruption, geopolitics, and the economic environment.

While several factors could impact their performance—such as a global downturn or a second wave of inflation—it remains to be seen if investor demand will carry through the year and beyond.

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Ranked: What People Value Most in a Financial Advisor

Positive reviews and recommendations are some of the least important factors—so what do people look for in a financial advisor?

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A bar chart of what people value in a financial advisor, showing that personalization is related to three of the top four answers.

Ranked: What People Value Most in a Financial Advisor

Are advisors putting their focus where it matters? You might think that positive reviews and recommendations would be a top consideration for people choosing a financial advisor. However, other qualities appear to be much more important.

This graphic uses data from Morningstar’s Voice of the Advisor report to outline what people value most in a financial advisor.

The Qualities Investors Value

Morningstar surveyed 400 people: 100 Caucasian women, 150 women of color, and 150 men of color. The values below show how often people chose an item as most or least important when working with an advisor.

QualityMost ImportantLeast Important
Expertise and knowledge in financial planning and investments60%11%
Personalized financial advice that meets my specific goals and needs54%16%
Ability to understand my risk tolerance and appropriately align my investments47%17%
Specialization in specific financial situations, such as retirement planning45%17%
Ability to communicate complex financial concepts in an understandable way42%22%
Transparent fee structure and pricing for my advisor’s services42%22%
Trust and rapport established during the initial meetings with my advisor36%24%
Ability to incorporate investment options that reflect my values22%41%
Positive online reviews or ratings about my advisor’s services22%46%
Recommendations from friends or family who had a positive experience with my advisor20%47%
Commitment to diversity and inclusion, making me feel comfortable and respected20%47%
Recommendations from other professionals, such as accountants or attorneys19%50%
Shares a similar background or cultural understanding10%68%

Participants were asked the following question: “On each screen, we will show you 3 items to think about when working with a financial advisor. Select which one is most important and which one is the least important of the items. You will see more than one screen and items may appear more than once.”

Enjoying this content? Dive into more insights in the Voice of the Advisor Report:

Report cover titled Four Opportunities to Elevate the Advisor-Client Relationship through Personalization with additional report pages shown. There is also a red button that says Click for exclusive insights.

Even among a survey pool that was mostly people of color, the majority of respondents didn’t think a commitment to diversity or a shared background were important.

Instead, three of the top four factors were related to personalization.

Personalization: A Key Quality in a Financial Advisor

People cared deeply about personalization regardless of gender and race. It was even more important to those with more than $250,000 in assets, suggesting that personalization may become more critical as a person’s portfolio value increases.

Even investors not currently working with an advisor and non-investors noted that personalization would be a top quality they would look for in a financial advisor.

Within personalization, people noted risk management was a very important element. Financial advisors can highlight their ability to tailor financial plans based on each person’s risk tolerance in order to attract clients.

Looking for tips on how to grow your advisory business? Get insights on what investors want, and how other advisors are evolving, in Morningstar’s Voice of the Advisor report.

Report cover titled Four Opportunities to Elevate the Advisor-Client Relationship through Personalization with additional report pages shown. There is also a yellow button that says get the free report now.

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