U.S. Dollar Performance After U.S. Elections
News outlets often draw correlations between U.S. elections and market performance. In turn, some investors opt for more conservative portfolios until the election uncertainty is overcome. But how much influence do elections really have?
In this Markets in a Minute from New York Life Investments, we show U.S. dollar performance after U.S. elections to illustrate that there is no clear trend between the two.
What is the U.S. Dollar Index?
To start, we used the U.S. Dollar Index to track performance, which measures the U.S. dollar relative to a basket of six currencies.
Currency | Weight |
Euro | 57.6% |
Japanese Yen | 13.6% |
British Pound | 11.9% |
Canadian Dollar | 9.1% |
Swedish Krina | 4.2% |
Swiss Franc | 3.6% |
Source: Intercontinental Exchange
Any changes in these respective currencies can affect the performance of the U.S. dollar.
Post-Election Performance
For each U.S. election from 1988 to 2016, we calculated the U.S. dollar index’s percentage change since election day. Changes were tracked over the course of a year, or 250 trading days.
There was no clear trend in U.S. dollar performance after U.S. elections. Here’s another look at the data, this time showing the range in changes over the year and percentage change at the end of the period.
The U.S. dollar finished up in four years, and down in the other four years. The years after the 1988, 1996, and 2008 elections saw the largest fluctuations in values.
In 1989, the U.S. dollar surged due to three factors:
- High interest rates, which attracted foreign investment
- Political instability in West Germany and Japan
- Strength of American stock and bond markets
In the period after the 1996 election, the dollar climbed again. While foreign currencies collapsed amid the Asian financial crisis, the U.S. economy enjoyed rapid growth and was seen as a safe haven for investors.
On the flip side, the U.S. dollar saw significant declines in the year after the 2008 election. The European Central Bank lowered rates in response to the global financial crisis, raising confidence in the euro and causing the U.S. dollar to fall.
What Investors Can Focus On
In each case above, significant movements were caused by macroeconomic factors, rather than the outcome of the U.S. election.
Here are a few factors that can have a direct impact on market performance:
- Inflation decreases the value of a dollar over time. Investors should consider how prevailing interest rates compare to inflation, and look for assets that build wealth over time.
- Unemployment rates have widespread impact. When unemployment is high, economic output and consumer spending are reduced.
- Economic growth signals healthy demand, and may boost corporate profits and drive up asset prices.
While elections can cause investors to change their asset mix, it’s important for investors to focus on long-term, broader factors that directly influence the market.